Researchers have successfully trained a material to respond to an originally neutral stimulus, a gel that can be taught to melt without needing heating. Their work, recently published in Nature ...

For a primer on consciousness and the brain, click here. When students first learn about Pavlov's dogs—dogs that learned to salivate to the sound of a bell (the "conditioned stimulus") when the bell ...

Researchers at Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, have successfully implemented a special form of classical conditioning. They showed on a group of 75 people that effects of transcranial magnetic ...